Answer: The state of being
D. They both examine humankind’s place in relation to the larger universe.
The answer is A. relative.
The sentence use the pronoun "that" which can be either a relative or a demonstrative. By analysing the sentence, we can see the pronoun was used to connect (relative) instead of to point at things (demonstrative).
Selection is the awful process of weeding the unhealthy (and unnecessary) prisoners from the healthy (and useful) prisoners.