Answer:
11. D. Jerusalem
12. A. Christians and Muslims
13. C. the Pope
Explanation:
11. D. This was followed later in the year by the Council of Vermonter, during which Pope Urban II supported the Byzantine request for military assistance and also urged faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
12. A. The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. In all, eight major Crusade expeditions occurred between 1096 and 1291. The bloody, violent and often ruthless conflicts propelled the status of European Christians, making them major players in the fight for land in the Middle East.
13. C. On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of “Deus vult!” or “God wills it!”
Answer:
strengths: could pass laws that affected all states, had the power to manage Native Americans affairs, Congress had the power to deal with foreign affairs, declare war, and sign treaties
Weakness: no national Court, no president or executive branch, no army or navy, no national money, national government could not tax, Congress had no power to regulate trades between the states, each state could tax trade between states, could not force stay to obey the laws
The Industrial Revolution. It added many machines and factories which in turn provided many jobs for many Americans.
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