In 1791 that would be the bill of rights
The first example that comes to my mind is the idea that every man is equal and has equal right to vote and have a personal freedom that end the moment the freedom of others starts. All of this are forms of natural rights, rights that are given to human because they are human and thus cannot be taken away by anyone.
The Republican Party and the Democratic Party are the two major, dominating political parties in US politics.
The negative side is that everyone is getting harmed a lot of people died and everyone is stuck at home the positive is that everyone is doing everything they can to stop it and all parts of the world are working together
February 12, 1809
Hope that helps