Moral Hazard occurs when a person increases its exposure to risk because someone else bears the the cost of those risk(Insurance companies)
Explanation:
Moral Hazard usually occurs when their is information asymmetry,the risk taking party has more information than the risk incurring party.
The financial crisis of 2008 is the best example of the Moral Hazard Problem.
The Moral Hazard Problem arises because the managers of the financial firm took over riskier investments because they believed that the federal government will save them from the bankruptcy.
Scarcity is to not have enough resources to fullfil a societies wants and needs. The 3 basic questions a society must ask inorder to deal with this are. what to produce? how to produce? and, for whom to produce? whoever answers those questions is how I societies economic system is decided. Though to answer your question in short, the basic goal of a society is to deal with scarcity, they achieve this by producing as much resources as possible with the little resources available.
If all firms only earn a normal profit in the long run, firms will develop new products or lower-cost production methods because they can innovate and possibly earn an economic profit in the short run.
Explanation:
Competition involves constant efforts by companies and executives to do more than the loss (normal gains) of new goods or by improving ways to manufacture current products at lower prices. Therefore, if businesses can invent, they will achieve short-term economic advantage.
Economic benefit encourages entry, economic losses lead to exit and firms in a highly profitable market earn little economic income in a long-term equilibrium. In an industry where inflation does not change the costs of materials (a market with a constant cost), the long-term supply curve is a horizontal line.
Answer:
(Sales volume * Price) – (Variable costs + Fixed costs)
Explanation:
Profit is equal to Total sales less Total costs .
Here, Total costs is the addition of Variable and Fixed costs
(Sales Volume x Price) - (Variable Costs + Fixed Costs).
Other than directly observing the market most companies get their market research from newspaper advertorials and trusted research vendors .
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Newspaper advertorials </h3>
An advertorial is a form of advertisement in a newspaper, magazine or a website which involves giving information about the product in the form of an article. Usually, a brand pays the publisher for such an article.
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Trusted research vendors </h3>
A market research vendor can provide insights on the best research design for your needs, based on years of experience. They may also have research panels to help you access your target audience most economically and experienced people to conduct interviews or focus groups.
Learn more about newspaper advertorials and trusted research vendors here :
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