The <span>Fifteenth Amendment </span>had practically no effect in southern states, which devised numerous ways such as poll taxes and grandfather clauses to keep blacks from voting. Over time, federal laws and Supreme Court judicial opinions eventually struck down voting restrictions for blacks. Eventually, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 which established a commission to investigate voting discrimination.<span> And in 1965 the Voting Rights Act was passed to increase black voter registration by empowering the </span>Justice Department<span> to closely monitor voting qualifications. that is basicly what i know but i hope this does help =)</span>
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- Iconoclastic Controversy --- Divided the Byzantine Empire.
- The Great Schism of 1054 --- Split the religion of Christianity in the West and the East, and the Roman pope and Eastern patriarch excommunicated each other.
<h2><u>The Great Schism</u></h2>
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The linguistic, political and geographical differences between both sides were related to the division of the Roman Empire in 395. In the Roman Empire, the emperor and political power moved from Rome to Constantinople; this also brought about changes in the spiritual climate of the kingdom. Tradition had hitherto offered that the emperor would have authority in both worldly and spiritual matters. Those who strongly adhered to this principle came to be on the orthodox side of the conflict, while those who clung to the bishop of Rome (the Pope), who has always been the foremost ecclesiastical potentate, came to be on the Catholic side in the conflict.
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