Protective systems are methods of protecting workers from cave-ins of material that can fall or roll into an excavation, or from the collapse of nearby structures. As mentioned in earlier chapters, if an excavation is less than 5 feet deep, OSHA does not require a protective systems unless the competent person sees signs of a potential cave-in. (It is important to remember that a wall collapse in a trench four and 1/2 feet deep can still have serious results!) For trenches between 5 feet and 20 feet deep, shoring and sheeting, shielding, sloping and benching are all acceptable protective measures. It is up to the planners of the construction project and the competent person on site to determine which systems will work best. If an excavation is greater than 20 feet deep, a registered professional engineer must design the protective system.
Shoring systems are structures of timber, mechanical, or hydraulic systems that support the sides of an excavation and which are designed to prevent cave-ins.Sheeting is a type of shoring system that keeps the earth in position. It can be driven into the ground or work in conjunction with a shoring system. Driven sheeting is most frequently used for excavations open for long periods of time. Another type of sheeting, in which plates or shoring grade plywood (sometimes called Finland form) is used in conjunction with strutted systems such as hydraulic or timber shoring. These strutted systems are also referred to as active systems. The most frequently used strutted system involves aluminum hydraulic shoreswhich are lightweight, re-usable and installed and removed completely from above
Answer:
Explanation:
Alright so the way to do this is to use properties of integrals to make our life easier.
So we have:
So lets break this up into two different integrals that represent the same area.
Lets think about what is going on up there. The integral from four to zero gives us the area under the curve of f(x) from four to zero. If we subtract this from the integral from one to zero (the area under f from one to zero) we are left with the area under f from four to one! Hence:
But since we have these values we can say that:
-3 - 2 = -5
Which means that = -5
So now we can evaluate
Lets first break up our integrand into two integrals
= 
Now we can evaluate this:
We know that = -5
So:
![3(-5)+2[x]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=3%28-5%29%2B2%5Bx%5D)
where x is evaluated at 4 to 1 so
-15 + 2(3)
So we are left with -15 + 6 = -9
True, because it'll also shut off the engine
Jefferson assumed the excise tax bred bureaucrats and it also grabbed a toll on his fellow framers. His individual hatred for the tax and encouragement of Congress permitted for the repeal but it took a problem on the previously down federal revenue.
