A.double . ........................ . .
The 16th amendment in 1913 permits Congress to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the US Census. Ratification was completed on February 3, 1913. Before that customs duties and excise taxes were the primary sources of federal revenue. Answer: The ratification of the 16th amendment.
A)the expansión of chania borders
Community corrections officials in South Africa face several problems when monitoring offenders in communities such as:
- Lack of manpower
- Lying by community members
- Danger to correctio official
Community correction officials are tasked with monitoring offenders who were not put in jail by the Court but were instead ordered to serve their sentence in communities by doing certain things.
In South Africa, some challenges these officials might face include:
- Lack of manpower - because of high crime rates in South Africa, corrections officials may be assigned to too many offenders which would reduce the effectiveness of their monitoring.
- Lies by community members - members of the community might lie to protect offenders when they commit fresh crimes or fail to do what the courts instructed them to do so that the offenders do not end up in jail.
- Danger to correction official - South Africa has seen its fair share of violence against law enforcement officials. Corrections officials going into the community to monitor offenders can therefore put them at risk of being harmed by criminals in the community.
In conclusion, community corrections programs might have certain advantages but they can present various challenges to officials.
<em>Find out more at brainly.com/question/3043600.</em>