Answer:
C. Coupled reactions establish an electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
Explanation:
- During cellular respiration in mitochondria, and during photosynthesis in chloroplasts, the electron transport chain requires a proton gradient to pump protons across the membrane by active transport.
- Protons flow back across the membrane by facilitated diffusion through ATP synthase, which utilizes them to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
- This process of ATP synthesis by harnessing the elctrochemicaal gradient geenrated by the diffusion of protons across the biological membrane through ATP synthase is called chemiosmosis.
Answer:
due to the rate of blood circulation
Answer:
Explanation: Hydropower is the generation of electricity from water through the construction of dams. it is a renewable energy source use over a wide range of environment. Construction of a waters storage project can raise the water level behind a dam from a few feet to several hundred feet by prevention water free flow called Inundation.
It leads to migration of human and other living organism such as fish and salmon. Salmon movement may be disoriented through the slower move of the water this leads to migration.
Fish moving around the dam coming in contact with turbines and the walls of the dam can become stressed, injured or die
vegetation and surrounding water it provide habitat for birds, waterfowl, and small and large mammals when hydroelectric project results in blockage of free-flowing river, the nesting, forage, and cover provided for the organism in these areas is temporarily or permanently lost.
It has a charge shift, which basically means, since there are 2 charges, that it'll filp it's charge:
- If the atom had a positive charge, it'll become negative
- If the atom had a negative charge, it'll become positive
Hope it helped,
BioTeacher101
Answer:
The given muscles can be categorized into following categories:
Smooth muscles: These are involuntary muscles and non-striated muscles which are usually found within the walls of internal organs such as stomach, intestine, uterus et cetera.
Cardiac muscles: These are involuntary and striated muscles which are only associated with the heart.
Skeletal muscles: These are voluntary in nature and striated in structure. They are anchored to the bones with the help of tendons. They help in skeletal movement such as maintaining posture, locomotion et cetera. For example, hand muscles and neck muscles.
