Answer:
<em>In theory, both are riskless but in practicality they aren't completely risk free.</em>
Explanation:
<em>In investment theory</em>, the investment in government bonds is <em>riskless </em>, irrespective of the investment maturity period because they are backed by the government.
However, <em>in practicality</em> every investment involves risk whether it's a short term or long term. However, a short term investment like the one specified in <em>statement 2</em> involves lower time frame and thereby lower volatility, hence it implies <em>lower risk</em>. The investment specified in <em>statement 1</em> is of longer term and hence can involve higher volatility, hence it implies <em>higher risk.</em>
<em><u>Note</u></em><em>- All the governments are prone to risk practically</em> because they are also part of the global financial and economic system and hence, they have to manage their budget balances prudently. Every investment thereby involves <em>risk</em>, it's just the <em>financial backing</em> of the <em>government financial</em> <em>instruments</em> which makes them less risky as compared to the other financial instruments.
According to the <em>"Not Too Big Enough" </em>article, some of the <em>sources of </em><em>scale economies</em><em> in the banking and finance industry</em> are as follows:
1. Bigger banks can spread their investment (fixed) costs over more output, thereby <em>reducing the </em><em>cost per unit </em><em>and making it impossible for </em><em>smaller banks </em><em>to compete in the market</em>. Most often, the smaller banks cannot afford investments in modern banking computing power and systems management.
2. Bigger banks can <em>consolidate banking functions</em> with the <em>elimination of redundancies </em>after each merger and acquisition. The cost of redundancies also gives them economies of scale.
3. Bigger banks have access to <em>larger pools of </em>deposits and will not engage in borrowing at higher costs. Smaller banks cannot tow this line because of their small scale, lacking the required funding mix.
4. Finally, advertising works best where a bank has a large geographic spread. The cost of advertising over a large area is worth it, unlike when a small bank markets its services by advertising.
2. These economies of scale mean that Oligopolies are increasing on Wall Street, and there will be further consolidations of smaller banks. Of course, every small bank would like to engage in mergers and acquisitions to grab a share of the scale economies.
Thus, <em>as banks grow large</em>, they should be mindful that enjoying the scale economies comes with the risk of crumbling like the banks regarded as <em>"too big to fail" </em>when they build on a pack of cards.
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Answer:B - sales promotions Explanation: Sales promotion is a process of convincing a prospective client to buying a product.
Its an element in the marketing promotional mix.
It is a tool used to stimulate a prospective customer curiosity about a product. Though it is short term in nature and it is mainly used to boost sales for a period of time.
Sales promotion is used as a target marking in getting customers that are not loyal to a particular brand of product and it includes price reduction, buy one get one free promo amongst others
Answer:
C) One of the disadvantages of a sole proprietorship is that the proprietor is exposed to unlimited liability.
Explanation:
There is no avoidance to double taxation under corporate form, as company's pays tax on net income earned, and then if there is any distribution of income to shareholders, the shareholders are charged individually.
There is no such ease in transfer of share whether in corporate form or partnership form.
There is an indefinite liability in case of insolvency of sole proprietorship on the sole proprietor, as he is the only person in ownership of such shares.
No, voting rights in a corporate form are dependent on number of shares held.
Therefore, the correct statement is:
C) One of the disadvantages of a sole proprietorship is that the proprietor is exposed to unlimited liability.
