The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Unfortunately, you did not attach the Federalist paper to properly answer your question.
However, trying to help you we can comment on the following.
George Mason’s essay about government differed from ideas expressed in The Federalist Papers in that George mason believed that the Federalists supported the creation of a strong central government that could have the risk to turn into a dictatorship, as was the case of the English monarchy. Mason was against the aggressions and aggravations committed by the English king and he did not want that for the American people. That is why he opposed the ratification of the Constitution under that strong federal government conception supported by Federalists like Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison.
George Mason was an Antifederalist like Thomas Jefferson, and he firmly believed in a government that included many rights for the citizens.
Answer: Heliocentrism (the sun is the center of the solar system)
The prior belief was that the earth was the center of the solar system (geocentrism)
Because they were better educated, mainly home schooled away from the poverty or distractions.
