Answer:A) Nitrogen
Explanation: nitrogen cycle ensures the movement of nutrients through the biosphere.it ensures that nitrogen is constantly reused and made available.
Nitrogen gas is available in the atmosphere but plants and animals cannot use it in that form.it must be converted to compounds such as ammonia or nitrate.
It is gotten from the atmosphere during rainfalls where it Is broken down and combines with oxygen to from nitrogen peroxide.
Nitrogen can also be fixated into ammonia by saprophytic bacteria.
Also when plants die their body tissues are broken down to form ammonia.ammonia can be oxidized into nitrates and nitrite which plants can use.
Nitrites can be released back into the atmosphere through denitrifying bacteria and the cycle continues.
Interspecific competition occurs between antelopes and elephants.
The term "competition" refers to the process that takes place among many species as they fight for the same limited resources in order to maintain their own existence. This struggle over resources occurs among organisms because these species occupy niches that overlap, and as a result, they are compelled to use the same resources like food, water, and shelter.
Competition can be either interspecific or intraspecific. The term "interspecific competition" refers to a type of competition that occurs between various species that live in the same biological area and are dependent on the same source of food.
In the question, both antelopes and elephants feed on the same grass and shrub species. Therefore they compete amongst themselves as a result of which their fitness is reduced.
Learn more about the interspecific competition here:
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Maximum Thrift is a method / philosophy that considers the shortest tree (in number of transformation steps) the best hypothesis about the phylogenetic relationship of a given set of terminals. Transformation step is the cost attributed to the change of character state in a given branch of the tree, be it the change from one nucleotide base to another, amino acids, or the color of an animal's iris. The fewer transformations, the shorter the tree, and therefore the more parsimonious. In this method, what programs do is to investigate as many alternative topologies as possible (or all if their array has less than 25 terminals; see more details below) given their character array. Each will be measured, and the shorter (optimal) trees will be retained as the most parsimonious result.
Answer: A
Explanation:
"That's what evolution is all about: tiny changes in organisms of a species over a huge amount of time."
Do you mean ion pumps in the membrane of cell?
If so, then ion pumps maintain an electrochemical gradient across the membrane.
