<span>An adaptation is a trait that "evolved" for a particular condition or circumstance that allows the animal to survive. Something is adaptive if it is a useful trait but not necessarily one that occurred in response to a particular selection pressure.</span>
*Blood flow is regulated in all three types of blood vessels through constriction and dilation.
*Contraction of blood vessels slows blood flow, while relaxation of blood vessels, or dilation, allows free flow of blood.
*Muscle fibers control the constriction and dilation of vessels. In the capillaries, rings of muscle called capillary sphincters control blood flow.
*The directional flow of blood in the veins is controlled with valves , which prevent backward blood flow when closed, and allow blood to flow only toward the heart when open.
Vasoconstriction and vasodilatation allow blood vessels (arteries and veins) to control blood flow and thus control the blood pressure. This is possible because of the smooth muscle cells that surround the vessels. The contraction and dilatation of those muscles is controlled by chemical signals (e.g. norepinephrine constricts the vessels, while NO dilates them).
Weight is a quantitative trait and mice with defective leptin tend to have problems controlling weight since this gene is associated with it.
<h3>What is a quantitative trait?</h3>
A quantitative trait is a phenotypic feature controlled by many genes and the interaction with the environmental factors.
Weight, height, behavioral features are all examples of quantitative traits because these types of phenotypic features show continuous variation.
Quantitative traits are modulated by gene interactions and therefore exhibit both epistatic and pleiotropic effects.
The leptin gene is a gene in mammal involved in neuronal control to metabolic signals and thereby it is associated with weight.
In conclusion, weight is a quantitative trait and mice with a defective form of the leptin gene tend to have problems controlling weight because it is associated with this trait.
Learn more about quantitative traits here:
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We knew hospitals as places where people get treatment. We
hardly imagine hospitals doing outreach to the community outreach nowadays.
Community outreach may improve patient outcomes, which is crucial for the
hospital to have access to payer’s reimbursements. One good example is giving outreach
to churches, since these institutions often have older and often sicker, individuals.
The hospital may directly engage with the church and give health education and
smooth transition from hospital to home. The hospital may also embrace social
media, or use Twitter to data-mine flu outbreaks in the community.
