The use of submarines made attacking or torpedoing ships easily, that made attacking more effective and reduced the chance of home soldiers getting killed.
The answer is b. Market economy because the aspects of production is controlled by the government
Thomas Paine's book, Common Sense, supported independence of the North American colonies.
He said that it was common sense that the colonists should be free of their former masters because now they were a new country/continent and had to take care of themselves. The other options have nothing to do with this pamphlet.