In general, transformations are used to turn one function into another one. For example if I have a line f(x) = 2x + 3 and I want to turn it into a line that passes through (0,6) and has the same slope, I can write a new function which moves (translates) f(x) vertically 3 units: g(x) = f(x) + 3. Substituting for f(x) will show you what happened in the transformation - g(x) = (2x + 3) + 3 = 2x + 6.
you see (-4,0), then you do the opposite of what it says like it says right 1 unit. then you g left 1 unit. then it says left 3 units. so you go right 3, which results you starting at (2.-4)
The maximum value of that graph is 1 and we can prove this by means of this graph: http://assets.openstudy.com/updates/attachments/4fe27e44e4b06e92b87169f6-syderitic-1340243754047-unt...
