Answer:
a trait is a characteristic, such as color or size, that is inherited by an offspring from its parents. The genes that control a trait come in pairs, one gene from each parent. If a gene pair contains a dominant allele, then the offspring will show this dominant trait.
step by step:
The evolution of the peppered moth is an evolutionary instance of directional colour change in the moth population as a consequence of air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The frequency of dark-coloured moths increased at that time, an example of industrial melanism. Later, when pollution was reduced, the light-coloured form again predominated. Industrial melanism in the peppered moth was an early test of Charles Darwin's natural selection in action, and remains as a classic example in the teaching of evolution. Sewall Wright described it as "the clearest case in which a conspicuous evolutionary process has actually been observed."
The birds with the beaks most suited towards digging and grasping. If they find their food deep underground, the beak would need to be able to push through the dirt and be able to keep the worm in it for consumption.
