Doppler effect and redshift as the light coming from stars from the distance can be shifted in the same way as a pitch of sound does
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The presence of small amounts of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere warms Earth's surface, resulting in a planet that sustains liquid water and life. c. Changes in climate conditions can affect the health and function of ecosystems and the survival of entire species.Earth and its atmosphere are continuously altered. Plate tectonics shift the continents, raise mountains and move the ocean floor while processes not fully understood alter the climate. Such constant change has characterized Earth since its beginning some 4.5 billion years ago.
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Hydrogen bonding is caused by the tendency of some atoms in molecules to attract electrons more than their accompanying atom. This gives the molecule a permanent dipole moment – it makes it polar – so it acts like a magnet and attracts the opposite end of other polar molecules.
Interphase and cytokinesis are preparing the cell to go through mitosis and multiply