Answer:
A. ethos
Explanation:
Ethos is the rhetorical element in which the persuasion of the audience falls as the major destination. The writer or the speaker attempts to persuade and audience through his piece of writing or speech respectively.  
President Lincoln in his Second Inaugural Address questioned the divinity thought and highlighted the ills that the war has brought to the people. He expresses his dilemmatic thoughts as to what had made the divine, the God, to make his people involve in the war. He had used certain allusions from the holy Bible to persuade the audience. The causes that led to the war, it's outcome and it's end have been brought into light by Lincoln.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
The Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars all rise in the east and set in the west. And that's because Earth spins -- toward the east. ... Earth rotates or spins toward the east, and that's why the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars all rise in the east and make their way westward across the sky.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
I don't know this for sure but if an author has something to declare and they can't back it up it's just an idea. So if you want to identify the claim you have to have statistics and facts to prove what you're saying. But remember I am not am expert so whatever you think the answer is go with it. Hope this helps ;)
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Lightheartedness means cheerful, carefree ect.
This means the line "The sounds of water splashing and laughter echoed in the distance; Tim's friend's had gone for a late-night swim." is the phrase that is the correct answer, since it talks about the happy actions of Tim's friends.
Answer C.