Answer:
stratum spinosum
Explanation:
The stratum spinosum is the thickest layer of the epidermis which lies just above the basal layer. The stratum spinosum consists of basal cells that have matured into squamous cells, also known as keratinocytes.
Answer:
A. Renin levels increase with poor kidney perfusion
D. Nephrotoxic drugs are a cause of intrarenal failure.
Explanation:
Renin is produced in the kidney for angiotensin aldosterone hormonal system and it is helpful in maintaining the blood pressure and other metabolic activities. However when the renin level is high then it means the kidney has a perfusion issue .
Nephrons are kidney cells. When a drug which is toxic to them gets into the body system then it affects the kidney and may cause kidney failure.
Answer:
G1 --->Cells can exit the cell cycle and enter G0 or be committed to initiate DNA synthesis late in G1.
Explanation
Two protons are translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane by complex iv for every pair of electrons passing through the electron transport chain.
<h3>What is
inner mitochondrial membrane?</h3>
- The mitochondrial membrane that divides the intermembrane gap from the mitochondrial matrix is known as the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM).
- As a result, the inner mitochondrial membrane maintains the proton gradient that powers oxidative phosphorylation and serves as a functional barrier to the passage of tiny molecules between the cytosol and the matrix.
- Cristae are the name for the inner membrane folding of mitochondria.
- They broaden the surface.
- The inner or cytoplasmic membrane controls the flow of nutrients, metabolites, macromolecules, and information into and out of the cytoplasm and preserves the proton motive force necessary for energy storage.
- It is impermeable to polar molecules.
- The inner membrane of E is connected to more than 100 distinct proteins.
- Similar to the cell membrane, the mitochondrial inner membrane is mostly composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
- Several proteins that function to carry out the electron transport chain are embedded in this bilayer.
- The membrane's surface area is increased by folds called christae.
Learn more about inner mitochondrial membrane here:
brainly.com/question/13896886
#SPJ4
Grass hopers move then you think when they move they adapt to the new envirment.
