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3 years ago

How does snake venom kill prey? How is venom toxicity measured?

Biology

1 answer:

NNADVOKAT [17]3 years ago

8 0

Answer:

1.Snakes use their venom cautiously, injecting amounts sufficient to disable prey or to defend against predators. Snake venom works by breaking down cells and tissues, which can lead to paralysis, internal bleeding, and death for the snake bite victim.

2.Snake venom and other toxins' strength is measured using the LD50 (lethal dose 50%) test. ... The amount of test substance that kills half the animals gives the LD50 figure. LD50 figures are used, in theory, to indicate the standard toxicity value for each chemical.

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Which of the following is not true concerning rainforests? a. Twenty-five percent of western pharmaceuticals are derived from ra

KATRIN_1 [288]

The correct answer fro above statement is:

<h3> c. Half of all rainforest plants have been tested for their medicinal properties.</h3><h3>Explanation:</h3>

Twenty-five percent of the fresh components in cancer medications are particularly rainforest plants.Rainforests are essential because they serve control global climate trims and rain. Water that disappears from trees comes in other regions as rain.Twenty-five percent of Western pharmaceuticals are obtained from rainforest components. But since only a minute portion of rainforest organisms have been investigated, as the rainforest species escape so do possible remedies and therapies for life-threatening disorders.

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3 years ago

Motor innervation to the stomach is classified as

IceJOKER [234]

The answer to this question would be: visceral motor

The muscle in the stomach is not consciously moved. The muscle regulated automatically by the nervous system based on some mechanism like other organs. The things that can influence the muscle would be when the autonomous nervous system is activated. This kind of motor innervation is called visceral motor.

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3 years ago

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of most common recessive disorders among Caucasians it affects 1 in 1,700 newborns. What is the expe

Phantasy [73]

Answer: The expected frequency of carriers is P(Aa)=0.046.

The proportion of childs with CF is P(aa)=0.024.

25% of having a child with CF (aa).

Explanation:

Hardy-Weinberg's principle states that in a large enough population, in which mating occurs randomly and which is not subject to mutation, selection or migration, gene and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next one, once a state of equilibrium has been reached which in autosomal loci is reached after one generation. So, a population is said to be in balance when the alleles in polymorphic systems maintain their frequency in the population over generations.

Given the gene allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population, it is possible to calculate the expected frequencies of the progeny's genotypes and phenotypes. <u>If P = percentage of the allele A (dominant) and q = percentage of the allele a (recessive)</u>, the checkerboard method can be used to produce all possible random combinations of these gametes.

Note that p + q = 1, that is, the percentages of gametes A and a must equal 100% to include all gametes in the gene pool.

The genotypic frequencies added together should also equal 1 or 100%, and all the equations can be summarized as follows:

$p+q=1\\(p+q)^{2} = p^{2} +2pq+q^{2} = 1\\P(AA)=p^{2} \\P(aa)=q^{2} \\P(Aa)=2pq1$

So, there are 1700 individuals and only one is affected. Since it is a recessive disorder, the genotype of that individual must be aa. So the genotypic frequency of aa is 1/1700=0.000588.

Then, $P(aa)=q^{2}=0.000588$ . And with that we can calculate the value of q,

$P(a)=q=\sqrt{0.000588}=0.024$

And since we know that p+q=1, we can find out the value of p.

$p+0.024=1\\1-0.024=p\\p=0.976$

Next, we find out the genotypic frequency of the genotype AA:

$P(A)=p=0.976\\P(AA)=p^{2} = 0.976^{2}=0.95$

Now, we can find out the genotypic frequency of the genotype Aa:

$P(Aa)=2pq=2 x 0.976 x 0.024 = 0.046$

Notice than:

$p^{2} + 2pq + q^{2} = 1\\x^{2} 0.976^{2} + 2 x 0.976 x 0.024 + 0.024^{2} = 1$

Then, the expected frequency of carriers is P(Aa)=0.046

The proportion of childs with CF is P(aa)=0.024

If two parents are carriers, then their genotypes are Aa.

Gametes produced by them can only have one allele of the gene. So they can either produce A gametes, or a gametes.

In the punnett square, we can see that there genotypic ratio is 2:1:1 and the phenotypic ratio is 3:1. So, there is a probability of 25% of having an unaffected child, with both normal alleles (AA); 50% of having a carrier child (Aa) and 25% (0.25) of having a child with CF (aa).

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3 years ago

VERY VERY EASY QUESTION. WILL MARK BRAINLIEST

velikii [3]

Differential reproduction means that some organisms in a population produce more offspring than others.

Differential reproduction refers to the difference between individuals in a population and how many offspring they are able to leave.The best adapted organisms to a given environment will leave more offspring than those who are not well adapted. Differential reproduction depends on the natural

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3 years ago

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Which state of matter has particles that slide past each other while remaining in contact?

vivado [14]

I haven't taken biology since my freshman year of high school, so this is kind of a guess. But I know for sure it isn't a solid. So I would go with a gas.

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3 years ago

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