Adolescent egocentrism is a term that David Elkind used to describe the phenomenon of adolescents' inability to distinguish between their perception of what others think about them and what people actually think in reality.[1] David Elkind's theory on adolescent egocentrism is drawn from Piaget's theory on cognitive developmental stages, which argues that formal operations enable adolescents to construct imaginary situations and abstract thinking.[2]
Accordingly, adolescents are able to conceptualize their own thoughts and conceive of other people's thoughts.[1] However, Elkind pointed out that adolescents tend to focus mostly on their own perceptions – especially on their behaviors and appearance – because of the "physiological metamorphosis" they experience during this period. This leads to adolescents' belief that other people are as attentive to their behaviors and appearance as they are of themselves.[1] According to Elkind, adolescent egocentrism results in two consequential mental constructions, namely imaginary audience and personal fable.
Answer: In differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA), it is possible for the problem behavior and reinforced behaviour to coexist while in differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI), it is not.
Explanation:
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) are both ways to reduce or eliminate unsatisfactory behavior. They aim to change behavior by substituting unwanted behavior with target behavior and removing the reinforcement of unwanted behavior
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The difference between DRA and DRI is the compatibility of the behavior that is being reinforced with the existing behavior. While DRA shows an alternative way to behave, DRI only reinforces behavior incompatible with the problem behavior. An example of DRA is is telling a student to raise her hand instead of shouting in class. Here, both of these behaviors are compatible. An example of DRI is telling a child who has a habit of talking while eating to do one or the other.
Answer:
Distinct and opposed classes in the capitalist economy
Explanation:
The bourgeoisie represents the owners of the land and the factories, while the proletariat is formed by the workers employed by the bourgeoisie.
According to Karl Marx both classes have different interests, while the bourgeoisie wants to have higher profits with as lower salaries as possible, the proletariat has to struggle for their rights to revert this.
It is important to mention that Marx lived during the 19th century, a time when worker´s rights were very far from what they are today.
Any Christian will be baptized, and drink the blood of our savoir Jesus Christ, and eat the flesh of which he provides to quince out thirst and hunger.
