Benito Mussolini was called Il Duce by his followers. I believe it meant "The Leader" in Italian, just like "Der Fuher" means "The Leader" in German, and was a title given to Adolf Hitler.
The idea that the people have the power in the government. the people having all this power by default limits the power of the government.
Hernan cortes of the Spanish
Pharaohs, cuneiform and barter were most likely found in the age of 3500 BCE to 3000 BCE. Cuneiform was used by the Sumerians in that time period and the rulers of Egypt were also found in that time period as well. As for barter as a form of economy, that can be found in that time period as well and even much earlier, as it predates the use of coins.
To help develop Economy and trade. A necessary evil