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mars1129 [50]
3 years ago
6

Match the diagnostic methods related to the female reproductive system with their descriptions.

Biology
2 answers:
Masja [62]3 years ago
5 0

1. use of x-rays to observe breast tissue is matched with Mammography .

Mammography is a radiographic examination of the breast. Its purpose is to detect any abnormalities in the tissues, especially in the mammary gland. It is prescribed, among other things, as part of organized breast cancer screening for women over 50 years of age.

Mammography studies the mammary gland and can detect abnormal tissue, including breast cancer even at an early stage.

She looks for anomalies such as opacities, micro-calcifications.

2. microscopic examination of cervical cells is matched with Pap smear.

Pap smear or cervico-vaginal smear is performed regularly to detect gynecological conditions and cancer of the cervix. It concerns all women from the beginning of their sex life.

Pap smear is a gynecological follow-up examination in which cells from the vaginal mucosa are removed. The term cervico-vaginal smear is used when the examination also concerns the cervix. Pap smear or cervico-vaginal can be performed by a general practitioner (doctor or not), a gynecologist, a midwife or a technician of a laboratory of analyzes on prescription


3. direct examination of the vagina using a magnifier is matched with Colposcopy.

Colposcopy is the study of the morphology of the cervix and vagina using a binocular loupe that grows twenty to fifty times, depending on the devices and optics chosen for this medical examination. Colposcopy is an important examination in gynecology, although it remains very "dependent operator" and lacks specificity. It is particularly suited to the strategy of screening and treatment of cervical dysplasias due to carcinogenic Papillomavirus, with other examinations such as the smear and the biological test for the detection of carcinogenic Papillomaviruses ("HPV test").


4. microscopic examination of amniotic fluid is matched with Amniocentesis

Amniocentesis is the sterile collection of amniotic fluid (in which the fetus is bathed) during pregnancy. This sampling is done through the belly of the mother through a very fine needle syringe. If this examination scares many women, it is usually not painful.

Most of the time, amniocentesis is performed to analyze and count the fetal chromosomes to detect any genetic or chromosomal abnormalities in the baby. However, this examination does not detect all possible pathologies.

cricket20 [7]3 years ago
4 0
Pap smear - microscopic examination of cervical cells. VITAL FOR CERVICAL CANCER

Amniocentesis - <span>microscopic examination of amniotic fluid</span>

Mammography - <span>use of x-rays to observe breast tissue. VITAL FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION</span>

<span>Colposcopy - </span>direct examination of the vagina using a magnifier. The magnifier is called COLPOSCOPE.
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Consider a species of sparrow that originally lived only in Alaska but recently expanded its range through North America, then C
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Answer:

North America is the one with the highest heterozygosity frequency for most loci, followed by Central America, and finally, South America with the lowest heterozygosity level.  

Explanation:

Some different forces or mechanisms might alter H-W equilibrium and lead to evolution, such as mutation, natural selection, migration, and genetic drift.

In the exposed example, we have a species of sparrow that migrates from Alaska to North America. Migration is unidirectional, which means that the movement occurs in only one direction: from Alaska to North America. We should also consider that the first immigrants colonized the area for the first time, meaning that there was not a receiving population of the same species already established. Finally, we need to consider that Alaska´s environmental conditions are very different from North America´s environmental conditions.

When a species arrives at a new place, it needs to adapt. The establishment and dispersion of the species in the new area depend on previous adaptation. So, when the firsts sparrow individuals arrived in North America, they faced new environmental conditions that acted as selective pressures that drove to the occurrence of mutations. A mutation implicates a stable and inheritable change in the genetic material. A mutation introduces changes, new alleles in the population, variability. But mutation rates are very low and have no evolutive direction, so they need another force to increase or decrease the mutant allelic frequencies. Natural selection benefits new advantageous alleles and transmits them to new generations changing their relative frequencies. <em>So, sparrows arrive in North America, mutated, and natural selection favored the beneficial mutations leading to a better adaptation to the environment.</em> This means that the heterozygosity level in this new recent population is very high.

As animals adapt to the new habitat and have better dispersal genes, they get to disperse even more. So they start new migration south, to Central America and South America. Again, they are moving to new regions with new conditions, and to establish they need to suffer new adaptations. But remember that we are talking about a recent event in time. Probably the animals migrating south are just a few.  They have not spent enough time yet in the new area, to adapt to the new environment and to include new genes into their population. What is even more, as they are a small new population moving south, they are more vulnerable to genetic drift events. Genetic drift acts on a population decreasing the variability between individuals, hence, decreasing the heterozygosity. <em>This small population suffers low mutation, has not enough time to establish, and is more vulnerable to genetic drift events.</em> The heterozygosity level is probably inferior to North America´s one.

Comparing the three areas, we could say that North America is the one with the highest heterozygosity frequency, followed by Central America, and finally, South America with the lowest level of heterozygosity.

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