Sparta fought Athens in the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC because of Sparta's fear of the rising power of Athens.
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Unfortunately, I do not have pages from a textbook to give to you. However I do know that after WWl, because of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to lose all its colonies and conquered land which means they do not have access to their resources. In addition, they had to pay HUGE reparations to cover civilian damages that were caused during the war. This made Germany politically unstable as the Kaiser fled after WWl and they had 12 political parties during that time. Soon, there will be a rise seen in the political ideology of the National Socialist German Workers' Party- also known as the Nazi Party.
I'm not entirely sure but i think it was The Great Depression.
The Enlightenment played an important role in the French Revolution. The Enlightenment transformed the monarchy, creating the idea of a republic. The bourgeoisie liked the ideas of John Locke. He said no king should have absolute power and liked the idea of a constitutional monarchy.
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It allowed China to connect with other civilizations.
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