The best option from the list would be that "<span>c He did not believe presidents ought to have a third term," since it shows him refusing to take back his "throne" that is being given to him by the American people. </span>
English, Chinese, French, Japanese, are a few that come to mind, If you are talking about Imperialistic Great Britian and France during the Age of Imperialism. I'm not sure about all of those other ones, except Latin was I'm sure dead around that age.
It refers to the artists of the turn of the century, that is the art made at the beginning of the 20th century. It mostly refers to modernists and symbolism who created in this period and whose art was full of things like pessimism and cynicism. Modernity in general is associated with it.
Laws controlling monopolies,
The Clayton Antitrust Act,
The Federal Trade Commission.