Half life formula
The number of unstable nuclei remaining after time t can be determined according to this equation:
N(t) = N(0) * 0.5^(t/T)
where:
N(t) is the remaining quantity of a substance after time t has elapsed.
N(0) is the initial quantity of this substance.
T is the half-life.
It is also possible to determine the remaining quantity of a substance using a few other parameters:
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-t/τ)
N(t) = N(0) * e^(-λt)
τ is the mean lifetime - the average amount of time a nucleus remains intact.
λ is the decay constant (rate of decay).
All three of the parameters characterizing a substance's radioactivity are related in the following way:
T = ln(2)/λ = ln(2)*τ
How to calculate the half life
Determine the initial amount of a substance. For example, N(0) = 2.5 kg.
Determine the final amount of a substance - for instance, N(t) = 2.1 kg.
Measure how long it took for that amount of material to decay. In our experiment, we observed that it took 5 minutes.
Input these values into our half life calculator. It will compute a result for you instantaneously - in this case, the half life is equal to 19.88 minutes.
If you are not certain that our calculator returned the correct result, you can always check it using the half life formula.
The typhoid fever caused by the bacteria called <span>Salmonella paratyphi which leads to a less severe illness. </span>
Answer:
Most likely B
Explanation:
A - Carrying capacity is the amount of a species that can live in a given area with the given resources, weather does not apply.
B - Limiting factors are things such as food, mates, and competition with other organisms for resources, which can limit the maximum population. Temperature can be applied here, it is the best option.
C - Climax community is when an area's ecosystem is stable, so the term makes no sense used here.
D - To be honest I have no clue what this is. But making an assumption from the term, the winter being "unusually cold" does not make it a "pattern". So I don't think it's this option. I could be wrong, but I assume this is not the right choice.
The answer is the span of time from Earth's formation to the start of the Cambrian period. It is the period of time that extends from about 4.6 billion years ago; a point when the earth formation began, to the beginning of the Cambrian period, 541 million years ago. It represents more than 805 of the geologic record.