Sentence fluency refers to the ease with which words and groups of words flow when read or spoken, so the best answer is "Combining sentences to use complex structure" although that's not a great definition.
Answer:
b) has had
Explanation:
That is the perfect tense
Sorry to bother, but you sent a invalid question, we don't know how to answer this unless you state what we are writing on.
Answer and Explanation:
This question is about "The dirty English."
The uncle tried to defend the English by trying to justify the behavior that the English had and that were very different from the behavior of the Hindus. It is likely that the uncle is more tolerant of the English than his grandmother because Uncle lived two years in England and learned to judge the English based on English culture and not based on Hindu culture, as the grandmother did.