Neurotransmitters. With the regard to the process of the neural transmission, a refractory period refers to the time in interval in which. the Positively charged sodium ions are to pumped back to outside a neural membrane.
Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that your body can't function without it. Their job is to carry out chemical signals (“messages”) from one of the neuron (nerve cell) to the next target cell. The next target of the cell can be another nerve cell, a muscle cell or the gland.
Fortunately, the seven “small molecule” are neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), or glutamate, histamine, norepinephrine, and the serotonin) do the majority of the work.
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<span>The first law of thermodynamics is follows the quantity dQ = dW + dU where Q is the heat flow, W is the work and U is the internal energy. Only the internal energy is a state function where it means that it does not follow a specific path to arrive at a certain number. Whereas the work and heat are not state functions and they follow a specific path or process in order to arrive at a certain number. An example would be if y</span>ou are given 2,380 J of energy to do work as 12,900 J and you are to find the internal energy. Apply the equation above:
Q = U + W
2,380 J = U + 12,900 J
U = 15,280J.
