Answer:
Selection is a directional process that leads to an increase or a decrease in the frequency of genes or genotypes. Selection is the process that increases the frequencies of plant resistance alleles in natural ecosystems through coevolution, and it is the process that increases the frequencies of virulence alleles in agricultural ecosystems during boom and bust cycles.
Selection occurs in response to a specific environmental factor. It is a central topic of population and evolutionary biology. The consequence of natural selection on the genetic structure and evolution of organisms is complicated. Natural selection can decrease the genetic variation in populations of organisms by selecting for or against a specific gene or gene combination (leading to directional selection). It can increase the genetic variation in populations by selecting for or against several genes or gene combinations (leading to disruptive selection or balancing selection). Natural selection might lead to speciation through the accumulation of adaptive genetic differences among reproductively isolated populations. Selection can also prevent speciation by homogenizing the population genetic structure across all locations.
Selection in plant pathology is mainly considered in the framework of gene-for-gene coevolution. Plant pathologists often think in terms of Van der Plank and his concept of "stabilizing selection" that would operate against pathogen strains with unnecessary virulence. As we will see shortly, Van der Plank used the wrong term, as he was actually referring to directional selection against unneeded virulence alleles.
DNA! the question is a typical descrption of it
Answer:
Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden.
Explanation:
His experiments showed that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, subsequently becoming the foundation of modern genetics and leading to the study of heredity.
Answer:
Protein production in prokaryotes begins even before the completion of transcription. This means that ribosomes attach to the mRNA being generated even before transcription process is terminated. Therefore translation occurs in concurrence with transcription. This is because there is no definitive boundary between the nucleoid and cytoplasm.
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane. This means transcription has to complete before the translation of proteins occurs. This is because the ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm while the DNA is in the nucleus.
This difference is part of the reason prokaryotic cells are able to respond really fast to an environmental stimuli as compared to eukaryotes. Remember in addition mRNA in prokaryotes do not need splicing (as required in eukaryotes) adding to quick protein production.
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