Answer:
Neurons, as with other excitable cells in the body, have two major physiological properties: irritability and conductivity. A neuron has a positive charge on the outer surface of the cell membrane due in part to the action of an active transport system called the sodium potassium pump. This system moves sodium (Na+) out of the cell and potassium (K+) into the cell. The inside of the cell membrane is negative, not only due to the active transport system but also because of intracellular proteins, which remain negative due to the intracellular pH and keep the inside of the cell membrane negative.
Explanation:
Neurons are cells with the capacity to transmit information between one another and also with other tissues in the body. This information is transmitted thanks to the release of substances called <em>neurotransmitters</em>, and this transmission is possible due to the <em>electrical properties </em>of the neurons.
For the neurons (and other excitable cells, such as cardiac muscle cells) to be capable of conducting the changes in their membranes' voltages, they need to have a<em> resting membrane potential</em>, which consists of a specific voltage that is given because of the electrical nature of both the inside and the outside of the cell. <u>The inside of the cell is negatively charged, while the outside is positively charged</u> - this is what generates the resting membrane potential. When the membrane voltage changes because the inside of the cell is becoming less negative, the neuron is being excited and - if this excitation reaches a threshold - an action potential will be fired. But how does the voltage changes? This happens because the distribution of ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluids is very dissimilar and when the sodium channels in the cell membrane are opened (because of an external stimulus), sodium enters the cell rapidly to balance out the difference in this ion concentration. The sudden influx of this positively-charged ion is what makes the inside of the neuron become less negative. This event is called <em>depolarization of the membrane</em>.
B. Glycogen (animal starch)
Answer:
because 90% of energy is lost in the environment as heat.
Explanation:
According to the 10% rule, only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next trophic level. It means that if the producers have 100% percent energy than only 10% of energy will be passed from producers to primary consumers.
So only a small amount of energy is transferred to the next trophic level because most of the energy is lost as heat during the oxidation of food. Therefore a very small amount of energy is transferred to the highest trophic level.
As less energy is available to support the organisms present on higher trophic level so their number is lower than the number of organisms present at lower trophic levels.
I picked the hawk, because it is at the top of the pyramid and the farther up in the food pyramid the less energy from the sun it gets
C) because solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, ocean are all was thaer
