The main argument against the border states leaving the Union during this time was of course that it was treason and punishable by death. Arguments for staying in the Union also included the fact that there were far more men and resources in the north.
Besides geography, the major issue that would have made this impossible is that each "country" or state in South America was dominated by a different ruler, many of whom had fought of the Spanish--meaning that they would have never united under one title. Their cultures were also wildly different.
Naval fleet or just fleet.
Kennedy rides in a car waving at the people of the us. Everything is normal until a shot is fired. The shot hits kennedy is down, people are running every which way. the guy gets caught. kennedy dies.
There are MANY dangerous countries where people are killed or even enslaved and tortured. So yes America SHOULD provide refuge for immigrants.