The correct macthing of the organs with their organ systems is as follows.
1. Digestive system - intestines.
2. Central nervous system - brain.
3. Respiratory system - tracheal system.
4. Excretory system - bladder.
Digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal consisting of the digestive organs and the glands. Among the digestive organs, the intestines play a major role in the process of digestion. The small intestine is the site of complete digestion which is associated with the pancreas and liver. The large intestine is involved the absorption of water from the digested food and remaining waste material is stored and thrown out of the body during defecation.
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain makes the largest part and the functional of the central nervous system. It controls most of the activities of the body. It is made up of three parts called the cerebrum, cerebellum and medualla oblongata and is protected by the skull.
The respiratory system is divided into the upper respiratory tract consisting of the nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx, and the lower respiratory tract consisting of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and the alveoli. The trachea or the wind pipe is a cylindrical tube infront of the oesophagus, supported by 16-20 C-shaped hyaline cartilage. It serves as a passage for air to move in and out of the lungs.
The excretory system is made up of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, an urinary bladder and an urethra. The urine produced by the kidney flows through the ureters and is collected in the urinary bladder. A spinchter (a ring of muscle) guards the opening of the bladder into the urethra and relaxes only at the time of urination under the impulse from the brain.
Dinosaur fossils had been known for centuries as "dragon bones" or the remains of giants, but it wasn't until Dean William Buckland of Oxford, England described the carnivorous "lizard" Megalosaurus<span> (in 1824) that they were formally studied as an extinct group of giant reptiles</span>
The nurse should try to find an oximetry sensor that is not so tight so that the baby will not feel discomfort and thus respond in that way to the caregiver's concerns and alleviate the problem by taking these appropriate measures.
Two of these options are correct (A & E)
So, the correct option is D.
<h3>About ADH/Vasopressin:</h3>
- Other name for ADH is arginine vasopressin.
- It is a hormone produced by the brain's hypothalamus and kept in the posterior pituitary gland.
- It instructs the kidneys on how much water to hold onto.
- The amount of water in your blood is continuously regulated and balanced by ADH.
- Your blood's volume and pressure increase with higher water concentration.
- ADH helps to sustain water metabolism along with osmotic sensors and baroreceptors.
- The concentration of particles in your blood causes osmotic sensors in the hypothalamus to respond.
- Carbon dioxide, sodium, potassium, chloride, and other chemicals are among these particles.
- These sensors and baroreceptors tell your kidneys to store or release water to maintain a healthy range of these substances when particle concentration is out of balance or blood pressure is too low.
- They also control how thirsty your body feels.
- The particular nerve cells that make anti-diuretic hormone are located in the hypothalamus, a region at the base of the brain.
- The hormone is sent by the nerve cells to the posterior pituitary gland, where it is released into the bloodstream, via their nerve fibers (axons).
- By influencing the kidneys and blood arteries, anti-diuretic hormone aids in maintaining blood pressure.
- Its primary function is to decrease the volume of water excreted in the urine, so conserving your body's fluid volume.
- This is achieved by permitting a specific region of the kidney to enable water from the urine to be reabsorbed into the body.
- As a result, the bloodstream is replenished with more water, urine concentration increases, and water loss is decreased.
<h3> Aquaporins and ADH:</h3>
- Antidiuretic hormone levels above a certain threshold narrow (constrict) blood arteries, raising blood pressure.
- The only way to fully recover from a lack of bodily fluid (dehydration) is by drinking more water.
- The aquaporin 2 protein is made according to instructions from the AQP2 gene.
- The water molecules are transported across cell membranes by this protein, which creates a channel.
- Collecting ducts, a network of tiny tubes that reabsorb water from the kidneys into the bloodstream, are found in the kidneys where it is discovered.
- In order to keep the body's water balance in check, the aquaporin 2 water channel is crucial.
- A hormone known as vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone regulates the positioning of these channels (ADH).
- The body creates more ADH when the amount of fluid consumed is low or when there is a lot of fluid loss (for instance, through sweating).
- Aquaporin 2 water channels are ultimately inserted into the membrane of collecting duct cells by this hormone, which sets off chemical events.
- Due to the re-absorption of water into the bloodstream made possible by these channels, the urine is more concentrated.
- Less ADH is created when fluid intake is sufficient. Aquaporin 2 water channels are taken out of the collecting duct cells' membrane in the absence of signals from ADH.
- During these times, the urine is more diluted and less water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
Disclaimer: The given question was incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: ADH or Vasopressin...
A. Promotes the insertion of aquaporins (specifically AQP2) into the apical membrane of the collecting duct cells
B. Promotes the insertion of aquaporins (specifically AQP3 and AQP4) into the basolateral membrane of the collecting duct cells
C. All of these options are correct
D. Two of these options are correct
E. When released, increases the osmolarity of the excreted urine
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During photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide and sunlight to create fuel—glucose and other sugars—for building plant structures. This process forms the foundation of the fast (biological) carbon cycle. ... In all four processes, the carbon dioxide released in the reaction usually ends up in the atmosphere.
