It permitted the expansion of slavery beyond the southern states.
After the War of 1812 the policy that was advocated by James Madison for making American manufactured products cheaper and more competitive in both domestic and foreign markets was a protective tariff. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option. I hope it helps you.
Plessy v. Ferguson- basically Louisiana passed a law saying the black people need it separate car when traveling on train not on the same as a white person.
Plessy was 1/8 African descent (was born free and other 7/8 was of European descent ) and under Louisiana rule he had to sit on a black car. eventually he sat on white only car and got into trouble, just like Rosa Parks. and he was eventually got arrested and tried.
Western and europeans in general fought each other a lot resulting in superior fighting tactics. Other places did not do this, giving europe a huge edge against everybody.
I am pretty sure the answer that oyu are looking for is D. I hope I am right and that this helps. Good Luck
