Answer: B. is more price elastic in the long run than in the short run because in the long run a substitute for crude oil may be found
Explanation:
The Demand for Crude oil is more elastic in the long run than in the short run because in the long run a substitute for crude oil may be found.
Crude oil is more elastic in the long run because consumers have enough time to find substitute products for crude oil. Price elasticity of demand in the short run is low because consumers donot have sufficient time to look for substitutes , they donot have much of a choice but to take whatever price is charged by producers of crude oil
The answer I think it is ,is (B.)
Answer:
E. have a sinking fund provision
Explanation:
Callable bonds are the one wherein the issuer/borrower has an option to redeem the bonds anytime after an initial stipulated period. In case of such bonds, if the issuer decides to redeem the bonds, the holders have to accept the redemption value.
Usually, when market rate of interest on such bonds falls below the coupon rate of such bonds, the issuer redeems such bonds. Thus, such bonds are beneficial to the issuer.
Call protection refers to the period within which such bonds cannot be called or redeemed.
Sinking fund provision refers to transferring a portion of money during the duration of such callable bonds to a separate reserve known as sinking fund, which is created for the purpose of redemption of funds. So when such bonds are to be called, the total money transferred to sinking fund reserve would be raised and used for payment to bondholders.
Creation of such a reserve helps the issuer avoid the pressure of lump sum payment as periodically funds are set aside for the purpose of redemption.