Where does the term muckraker come from? The name muckraker was pejorative when used by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt in a speech on April 14, 1906.
The modern term generally references investigative journalism or watchdog journalism; investigative journalists in the US are often informally called "muckrakers". ... The term is a reference to a character in John Bunyan's classic Pilgrim's Progress, "the Man with the Muck-rake", who rejected salvation to focus on filth.
A vizier was the equivalent of the modern-day prime minister of the nation who actually saw to the day-to-day operation of the government in all its aspects.
