Answer:
what language is this and what does it mean?
Wealthy merchants such as Cosimo de' Medici ruled Italian city-states. Cosimo de' Medici was an Italian Politician who was part of the Medici political dynasty, and he was a wealthy merchant. He became the leader of the Florence city-state in 1434.
I think A hope this helps
( ' 3')
Parliament feared the risk of a Catholic dynasty ruling England = The king proclaimed religious freedom without consulting parliament ( the Parliament of England functioned as a temporary consulting committee. The temperament of James II ended all the chances of Catholicism becoming re-established in England and also led to restrained toleration for nonconformist. Even they were denied to vote and to sit in the Westminster parliament. In fact, after 100 years of this, the<u> Monarch was restricted to be a Catholic or marry a Catholic, to preserve the Protestant succession</u>).
The king ruled without parliament for 11 years = the king demanded the arrest of five members of parliament. (the five members were the members of parliament whom King Charles I attempted to arrest because the king understood, that these five members had inspired the Scots to attack England in the Bishop's War and that they were expected to turn the mob of London against him. Hence when rumors of their planning to challenge the authority of Queen for her alleged engagement in Catholic plans, he announced their arrest for treason).
Did you mean eras (eras shirt for earth) for example modern era is earth today we have cars, phones, and social media. Unlike the other eras like the past when they didn’t have much and the only why too get food was too hunt, there were no doctors too treat the sick and no modern vehicles that we have this very day!
