Mutations. Definition. A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. A Mutagen is an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed.
<u>Answer</u>:- Active transport
<u>Explanation</u>:-
There are two types of membrane transports
1. Passive transport - this type of transport occurs without the input of any energy and the molecules move along the concentration gradients that is from <em>high concetration to low concentration.</em>
2. Active transport- this type of transport takes place to move the molecules against the concentration gradient that is from <em>low concentration to high concentration.</em>
<em>The active transport is of two types:</em>
1. <em>Primary active transport-</em> in this type of transport <em>ATP</em> is used as an energy source to move the substances against the concentration gradient.
2.<em>Secondary active transport</em> - in this type of transport the gradient formed by the active transport is utilized and it involves the movement of 2 substances at a time aross the membrane. That is the movement of one molecule is coupled to another.
- The membrane proteins that are associated with active transport are called as <em>carrier proteins</em>. These proteins have a binding site for the molecules that they transport. Once they bind to the specific molecules, a conformation change is induced and this leads to the transport of the molecule across the membrane.
So, the <em>active transport is basically responsible for utilizing the energy from ATP and carrier proteins to move the substances across the membrane against their concentration gradient i.e. from low concentration to high concentration.</em>
<u>Answer:</u>
"G-Factor" is associated with a theory of intelligence proposing a singular underlying aptitude or intellectual competence of intelligence.
<u>Explanation:</u>
An English psychologist Charles Edward Spearman was highlighted for his work in statistics as a pioneer of factor analysis. He speculated that humans had "G-Factor" i.e general intelligence (established in 1904 by Charles Spearman) from very early in the measurement of intelligence in history.
G-factor is a singular underlying aptitude or intellectual ability in many fields which include verbal, reasoning and spatial abilities. The general intelligence tests the level of expertise in applying logic to solve work-related problems by measuring the basic cognitive abilities regarding specific skills like memorization, arithmetic and common global knowledge.
The use of retroviral therapies can increase the patient's risk of developing cancer because they may integrate recombinant DNA into the genome in ways that may misregulate the expression of genes. Therefore the correct option is D.
<h3>What is retroviral therapy? </h3>
Retroviral therapy is an HIV treatment where medicines are taken as prescribed by a healthcare professional. This treatment reduces the amount of HIV in an HIV-infected person.
HIV does not have a cure but antiretroviral therapy can reduce the risk of potential health issues caused by HIV.
This treatment can help to control the virus in an HIV-infected person within 6 months. The treatment for HIV cannot prevent the transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases.
Therefore the correct option is D.
Read more about retroviral therapy, here
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