Explanation:
The year 622 brought a new challenge to Christianity. Near Mecca, Saudi Arabia, a prophet named Muhammad claimed he received a revelation that became a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. The Koran, which Muhammad wrote in Arabic, identified Jesus Christ not as God but as a prophet. <em><u>Islam</u></em> spread throughout the Middle East and into Europe until 732.Soon thereafter, European Christians began the <em><u>Crusades</u></em>, a campaign of violence against Muslims to dominate the <em><u>Holy Lands</u></em>—an area that extended from modern-day Turkey in the north along the Mediterranean coast to the Sinai Peninsula—under Islamic control, partially in response to sustained Muslim control in Europe. The city of Jerusalem is a holy site for Jews, Christians, and Muslims; evidence exists that the three religions lived there in harmony for centuries. But in 1095, European Christians decided not only to reclaim the holy city from Muslim rulers but also to conquer the entire surrounding area.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. ... After the destruction of the Second World War, the nations of Europe struggled to rebuild their economies and ensure their security.
Horace Mann was an educational reformer who lived in the US in the 19th century. He was a first to advocate a system of a public schools and public education as he believed that everyone had a right to education and that it should be free, democratic and have a professionally trained educators who would provide a quality education.
