The surrender concluded a standoff that began with South Carolina’s secession from the Union on December 20, 1860
Precisely how life began on Earth remains unclear. It is believed, however, that life started after the planet had cooled enough for bodies of water to form. Scientists have found fossilized single-celled microorganisms in rocks that date to approximately 3.5 billion years ago. Scientists believe that algae is one of the earliest forms of life on our planet.
Less formal is the answer.
Presidential Succession Act. The Constitution also didn't indicate who would assume the vice-presidency I think