The substage condenser is either incorrectly positioned or the light stop is the wrong size for the objective- or there me be a smudge/mark on the eyepiece
To test his hypothesis, the student will have to design an experiment to measure the effects of <u>temperature on cellular growth</u>.
To test the effects of temperature on cellular growth the student will have to create an experiment containing the there kinds of variables:
- Dependent
- Independent
- Control
In this experiment, the control variable will be the kind of cells used, as well as the incubation methods being used. We identify these as the control variable given that they will remain constant.
The independent variable will be the Temperature at which we will place each cell being studied. The dependent variable, on the other hand, is by definition, what we seek to measure. In the case given it would correspond to the amount of cellular growth.
To test his theory of the effects of temperature on cellular growth, a student can design an experiment in which the control variable will be the cells themselves, the independent variable will be the Temperature, and the cellular growth can act as the dependent variable.
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<span><span><span>Release enzymes outside of the cell (exocytosis)</span>
which may serve the purpose of destroying materials around the cell.</span><span><span>Break-down 'digestion' of materials from inside the cell (autophagy)</span>
i.e. by fusing with vacuoles from inside the cell.
This could include digesting worn-out organelles so that useful chemicals locked-up in their structures can be re-used by the cell.</span><span><span>Break-down 'digestion' of materials from outside the cell (heterophagy)</span>
i.e. by fusing with vacuoles from outside the cell.
This could include breaking-down material taken-in by phagocytes, which include many types of white blood cells - also known as leucocytes. Specific mechanisms of heterophagy can be:<span><span>phagocytic - by which cells engulf extracellular debris, bacteria or other particles - only occurs in certain specialized cells</span><span>pinocytic - by which cells engulf extracellular fluid</span><span>endocytic - by which cells take-up particles such as molecules that have become attached to the outer-surface of the cell membrane.</span></span></span><span><span>Recycle the products of biochemical reactions that have taken place following materials being brought into the cell by endocytosis (general term for this 'recycling' function: biosynthesis) </span>
Different materials (chemicals) are processed in different ways, e.g. some structures may be processed/degraded within lysosomes and others are taken to the surface of the cell.</span><span>Completely break-down cells that have died (autolysis)</span></span>
In general, the functions of lysosomes involve breaking-down i.e. processing to 'make safe' or make use of, or removing from the cell e.g. by exocytosis, useless and potentially harmful materials such as old worn-out parts of the cell or potential threats such bacteria. Lysosomes can therefore be thought of as the rubbish disposal units within cel
The pyloric valve control food movement from the stomach into the small intestine.
Insect's antennae is most similar to the <u>nose</u>
They are used for the sense of smell.
