The Kansas Nebraska Act made it so that the two states could decide whether they wanted slavery or not
Federalist No. 51, titled: The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments, is an essay by James Madison, the fifty-first of The Federalist Papers
Advantages: changed the way humans lived, allowed humans to form permanent settlements via agriculture, formed social classes, advances in technology
disadvantages: people had poorer nutrition and lower life expectancies, lifestyles were more labor intensive
It really depends on the time period, but if we're talking in general, China had Confucian views, while India had the caste system. Both were very patriarchal, but China's social system was more based on family values and India was more focused on jobs. China was way more strict ("women should stay in the house", foot binding, etc.) I hope this helps somewhat. :)
Because the United States struggled to Unite and quell the rebellion, the answer is B. The United States realized it needed to be more centralized in order to deal with internal and external threats.