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The British scientist Ernest Rutherford postulated the nuclear model of the atom in the early 1900s. He described his model as the atom being mostly empty space with electrons having a fixed orbit around the positively charged nucleus of the atom. The experiment he conducted to arrive at the model is known as the thin-foil experiment. He passed a narrow beam of particles through a thin film of metal foil and observed that the particles were only slightly scattered. It was with this observation that he concluded that most of the mass of a particle is concentrated only in a minute fraction of the total volume of the atom.
Answer: 4.18925 kJ heat is needed to convert 25.0 g of solid ethanol at -135 °C to liquid ethanol at -50°C.
Explanation:
Temperature of Solid
Melting temperature of Solid
Temperature of liquid
Specific heats of solid ethanol = 0.97 J/gK
Specific heats of liquid ethanol = 2.3 J/gK
Heat required to melt the the 25 g solid at 159 K
= 159 K - 138 K = 21 K
Heat required to melt and raise the temperature of upto 223 K
= 223 K - 159 K = 64 K
Total heat to convert solid ethanol to liquid ethanol at given temperature :
(1kJ=1000J)
Hence, 4.18925 kJ of heat will be required to convert 25.0 g of solid ethanol at -135 °C to liquid ethanol at -50°C.
Answer:
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