Prokaryotic bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane that contains the transport proteins to regulate the entry and exit of materials through the cell, the cell wall to help maintain cell shape and structure, and the capsule, which aids against drying out and protects bacteria from a host's immune system.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that are found in every part of Earth. These organisms do have an interesting ultrastructure. The coverings of the bacteria are three in layer. They are
A. The outer capsule.
B. The middle cell wall.
C. The inner cell membrane.
The capsule is the outermost covering of bacteria that is formed of different slimy materials. These materials contains hygroscopic substances which can absorb water from the surroundings even when the water concentration in outside is very very low. This layer of protection outside bacteria help them to protect themselves against drying out at dry conditions.
The middle cell wall is formed of polymers of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid. This layer is chitin in nature and is strong enough to maintain the shape and size of bacteria irrespective of outer conditions.
The innermost layer of bacteria is cell membrane which is formed of proteins and lipids bilayer and this cell membrane contains different transport for proteins which help in transport of different substances like water and nutrients inside the cell by means of active transport or passive diffusion.
Yah it’s a Go phase because of the cell cycle.
<u>2</u>, <u>1</u>
Igg possesses <u>2</u> binding sites for antigen, and the t-cell receptor possesses <u>1</u> binding sites for antigen.
<h3>IgG: What Does It Mean?</h3>
- Known as immunoglobulin G, It is an antibody of some sort.
- Your immune system produces antibodies, which are proteins, to combat pathogens.
- Your cerebrospinal fluid's levels of IgG are measured using a CSF IgG index.
- Normally, your cerebrospinal fluid contains very little IgG.
<h3>What is the role played by IgG in the body?</h3>
- IgG is typically the most prevalent antibody in blood.
- It guards against infections.
- Therefore, infections are more likely to affect those with IgG deficiencies.
- Your body produces unique proteins known as immunoglobulins or antibodies when it senses an attack.
<h3>When IgG is positive, what happens?</h3>
- The presence of IgG indicates that the infection occurred several weeks to months ago.
- Additionally, it implies that you might no longer be contagious.
- IgG suggests that you might have some viral immunity, though you might not.
To learn more about IgG visit:
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Answer: (A) a membrane‑bound organelle with stacks of thylakoid discs called grana.
(E) the main site of photosynthesis in a plant cell.
Explanation:
The plant chloroplast is a large organelle, it is bounded by a double membrane like structure that is chloroplast envelop.
The chloroplast consists of chlorophyll pigment which traps the light energy from sun and converts it into chemical energy in the form of ATP. Thus the chloroplast is the main site for photosynthesis. Including the inner and outer membrane structure it also posses the third internal membrane structure which is called as the thylakoid membrane. The thylakoid membrane forms the network of flat discs which are called as thylakoids, the thylakoids are arranged in stacks which are called as grana.
The thylakoid membrane is the center point for the synthesis of ATP through a chemiosmotic process.
Answer:
can you shoot it better because it is quite blurry