They provide "common defense" in the government
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Answer:
The presidency of Nelson Mandela began on 10 May 1994, when Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid activist, lawyer, and former political prisoner, was inaugurated as President of South Africa, and ended on 14 June 1999.
Explanation:
Europeans viewed the spread of Islam as a threat and actively worked to stop it.
I believe it’s either c or d. i would go with d, economic depression
