A. Horizontal Integration
Rome was initially a city-state with about 50 square miles of territory to sustain itself. With small farms, the citizens could not split them up between their sons and so sought extra land for them. The surrounding city-states were bent on the same need, so they clashed, with Romme losing some, but on average winning most fights. As winners they took land and expanded.
<span>This expansion created more strife, and expansion, leading to dominance of Italy. As a rising power, cities in southern Gaul (France), Spain and Sicily sought Rome's assistance, and as a land power it allied itself with Carthage, a sea power. This arrangement came to an end when Rome supported Greek cities in Sicily against Carthaginian encroachment. A win in the First Punic (Carthaginian) War put the Romans on the path to empire, which was consilidated with the extirmination of Carthage in the Third Punic War in 146 BCE. At this stage Rome dominated the Western Mediterranean. </span>
They allow citizens to take an active role in government through procedures like the initiative, the referendum, and the recall. They are organized into three branches and use a system of checks and balances to ensure no branch become too powerful.
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I believe it was the civil rights act of 1964.
C. Chief Justice Taney was son of a slave holding family
