Why are computers assigned IP addresses

When you go out to open a web page then you should know that It’s not the OSI model that comes into the picture, and in fact, it is just for study purposes, and it does not work in real network work, The exact one used is the TCP/IP model. However, the OSI model separates the concepts into various layers, and hence used for study purposes.

When you try to open a web address through a web browser, then the web browser uses the HTTP that is an Application layer protocol.

The web browser thus finds the IP address of the URL through the Domain Name System. And this is as well the Application layer protocol.

However, you will find that the actual process is even more complex.

The browser now forms an HTTP packet which mentions, “Hello I would like to get the web page from the server”. Now the browser sends the HTTP packet to the TCP, which stands for Transmission control protocol, and is a transport layer protocol.

Here the adjacent layer interaction works. However, that is on the same device, and currently, the packet is on your PC only. The ALI states that the higher layer asks the next lower layer protocol to get done the service, and the lower layer delivers the service to the higher layer just above it. And this interaction gets repeated until the data finds itself at the lowest layer.

The main job of the TCP is to create a pipe in between you and the server, such that the data can be transferred via the pipe. And for this the TCP on your PC talks to the TCP on the server.

Now the TCP puts up its details over the HTTP packet. And these are necessary for managing the pipe/session.

Now the packet is handed to the IP process or the internet protocol, which is an internet layer protocol. The main task performed by the IP is addressing and routing. It's like a postal service, that routes the letter via various postal offices to reach the correct one. IP now puts its info on top of the TCP packet. This info is required for routing on the internet.

The packet is now handed over to the network access or the network interface layer. And this defines the hardware and protocols that are required for delivering the data via the physical network. The majority of the times the physical network used is the Ethernet.

Your PC now binds the IP packet in between the Ethernet header and the Ethernet trailer, and thus forms an Ethernet frame. You should know that Ethernet has a MAC address that is being made use of for sending the frame within the LAN. And now the PC transmits the Ethernet frame bits physically with the help of the electricity that flows through the Ethernet Cables.

The packet now reaches the server. The web server recreates the bits through the interpretation of the electrical signals. And the webserver now removes and discards the ethernet header and trailer from the ethernet frame, and de encapsulates it. And in the same manner, it reads through the TCP data, and finally transfers that to the HTTP process which can figure out the HTTP get request.

Now the webserver in s similar manner sends back the detail. And this process can be repeated any number of times.

Also, keep in mind that in case of secure website, there is one extra step, and that is the verification of the SSL certificate, at both the client and server end. Rest of the process is same.

Explanation:

Please check the answer section.

6 0

3 years ago

vladimir1956 [14]

If you have related data stored in multiple tables, create a Data model to produce a pivot table on the combined data.
In computer term, data model refers to how each data are connected to one another and how those connections are being processed within the Sysyem

3 0

4 years ago

How to build a communication network

FromTheMoon [43]

Answer:

In Building a network, it's important you plan and build one that's appropriate for your business needs.

Explanation:

Building a Communication Network

In Building a network, it's important you plan and build one that's appropriate for your business needs.

To start building a network, you must first define your network requirements. These describe why you need a network, how it will be used and enable you to establish some priorities.

Once you've defined your network requirements, you can use these to create a specification for your network.

You'll need to answer a few key questions:

- Do you need a server? A network server is a powerful computer at the heart of your network, installed on-site. It provides strong control and enables you to run centralized software such as customer relationship management systems. However, it also increases the cost and complexity of your network, and cloud services are now the default for most companies.

- Wired or wireless? Wired networks are fast and reliable, but require cables to be run throughout your premises.

Wireless is versatile, but sometimes less reliable. Many companies use a mix; cables to static computers at desks and wireless for smartphones, tablets and ad-hoc access in meeting rooms.

- What internet connection do you need? A standard fibre broadband connection is usually suitable for smaller companies with up to 30 employees. Larger companies may need a faster, more expensive connection such as a leased line. Don't skimp on your internet connection, particularly if you intend to use cloud computing services or VoIP services.

- How will you keep your network secure? It's very important you take key security precautions to protect your network from hackers, viruses and other online threats.

- Do you need extra software? A network is more than the equipment that links your computers together. In addition to any on-site server operating system, you may also need network security software and a device management solution.

Typical IT networks

- A cloud-hosted network, suitable for a small and medium sized business which uses a combination of Software as a Service apps, remote file storage and hosted email. For such networks, the only hardware required on-site would be user devices and a router capable of connecting to the internet.

- A basic network, suitable for a small company with five devices, might simply link the five devices wirelessly, without a central server. This would enable everyone to use the internet and share files. You could set up a network like this for £100 or less.

- An intermediate network might consist of 15 devices, connected by cables. An entry level server would create shared file storage and allow important files to be safely backed up. The company could also run a basic, centralized customer database. A network like this could cost around £2,000.

- An advanced network might include 30 devices and a powerful server, connected by cables. The server would enable the company to run its own intranet, customer relationship management system and collaboration software. A number of shared printers could also be installed, and wireless access offered in common areas and meeting rooms. A network like this could cost £5,000 or more.

Buying equipment and building an IT network

- If you decide to head down the route of building your own IT network, you'll need to purchase the equipment required and install it on your premises. This job can be physical and fiddly, so get help from your IT supplier if you lack the necessary experience within your company.

- Installing cables is usually the first task. It can also cause the most disruption. Then it's usually a matter of plugging everything in, setting up your server (if you have one) and installing any other necessary software.

NOTE: You should be able to set up a simple network without having to delve too deeply into complicated settings. However, setting up a server is particularly tricky, and must be done correctly to keep your data safe from hackers. If you don't have experience of server management, leave it to the experts.

5 0

3 years ago