<span>The crusades were a series of holy wars called by popes with the promise of indulgences for those who fought in them and directed against external and internal enemies of Christendom for the recovery of Christian property or in defense of the Church or Christian people.
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The referendum is the progressive
reform that allowed the voters to approve or reject laws passed by the
legislature.
To add, a referendum (plural referendums, see below) is a
direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to vote on a particular
proposal.
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