A proton gradient is an important part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration because couple the favorable flow of H+ to transport specific metabolites into and out of organelles.
<h3>What is the proton gradient?</h3>
The gradient is sometimes called the proton-motive and can be thought of as a form of energy, force and force in a battery. Like other ions, protons are not able to cross directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane, as the interior of the membrane is hydrophobic.
The proton gradient generated by this manipulation provided a driving force for ATP synthesis in the absence of light. This confirms the chemiosmotic theory, where a chemical potential across the membrane can provide energy for ATP synthesis.
The proton gradient produced by pumping protons during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP.
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Answer:
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Answer:
First leve consumer: 1,000 energy units
Second level consumer: 100 energy units
Third level consumer: 10 energy units
Explanation:
Answer: A) MD-104
Explanation:
it has the longest distance going in feet in a hot/dry climate
A: white oak
b: cottonwood
c:american elm
d:silver maple
e:black willow
f:green oak
