1. Direct characterization is described when the author suggests information about a character through statements about the character's appearance, personality, and actions. The author reveals, in a direct manner, the character traits.
2. In The Call of the Wild, Hal was beating Buck because Buck refused to mush. He is very tired and hungry to continue moving.
3. The appropriate vocabulary word from The Call of the Wild "After John Thornton's injury, he was led at a cabin to complete his convalescence.
<span>an apparatus for producing and recording spectra for examination</span>
This is the Newton’s third law of motion buddy: If an object A exerts a force on object B, then object B must exert a force of equal magnitude and opposite direction back on object A. Hope it helps :D