Answer:
The term "retro" in retrovirus refers to this reversal of the usual direction of transcription.
Explanation:
Retroviruses are the viruses from the virus family known as retroviridae. These are the viruses that use RNA as their genetic material and use an enzyme reverse transcriptase which is essential for their life cycle.
they called retro as they use the reverse process of the usual direction of transcription which means from RNA to DNA by duplicated their genetic material to produce DNA and incorporated into the genome of the host.
They are pulled apart and put onto each side of the cell so the cell can pinch in the middle and let cell division happen
The sequential pathway of a protein from it first starts to be translated to its release from the cell is cytosol > ER > Golgi > vesicle > plasma membrane > external environment. These proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes.
The exported proteins are synthesized (i.e., translated) in the ribosomes of the cytosol that bound to the endoplasmic reticulum in order to enter into the endomembrane system.
Subsequently, extracellular proteins undergo processing in the Golgi apparatus, which is connected to the rough RE by transport vesicles.
Finally, these proteins pass through transport vesicles in order to be exported from the cell by endocytosis.
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Answer:
The problems that can be caused by Expansion or Contraction a;long with the solutions are:
Explanation:
- The railway tracks made of steel expand during the summer and contract during the winter. This can cause them to become curved during the summer thereby causing rail derailment.In order to prevent this, an air gap is kept in between the railway lines so that they get the space to expand without getting curved.
- The electric wires linking the telegraph posts are made up of metals and so they expand in the summer and contract in the winter, which can cause them to tear. This is why the wires are loosely fixed so that they can expand and sag in the summer and contract and tighten in the winter.
- Bridges are constructed with joints where some space is maintained to allow the easy expansion and contraction in summer and winter respectively.
New moon
This is because the half of the moon that is reflecting the sunlight is on the same side as the sun.