Answer:
CD4 on the surface of helper T-cells.
Explanation:
MHC class II ( major histocompatibility complex) molecules are processed from the exogenous source. The presentation of antigen on cells are important for the adaptive immune response.
MHC class II interact with CD 4 present on the surface of T helper cells. This interaction is important for the generation of an immune response. Helper T cells can release cytokines and can perform phagocytosis.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Answer:
It can affect ecosystems by, Air pollutants such as sulfur may lead to excess amounts of acid in lakes, and streams, and can damage trees and forest soils. Nitrogen in the atmosphere can harm fish, and other aquatic life when deposited of surface waters.
Explanation:
The process for connecting two monomers together is called dehydration synthesis. Dehydration means
“removal of water” and synthesis means “to join together”. So in this
process, two monomers are covalently bonded by the removal of a
water molecule. Each organic monomer has a hydroxyl group on
one side and a hydrogen on the other. When two monomers line
up side by side, they will have these two functional groups facing one
another. The H and the OH will break off of their respective
monomers and bond forming a water molecule. This is the dehydration
part of the process. Each monomer now has a carbon atom that needs
to covalently bond with something, so they bind to each other forming
a polymer. That is the synthesis part of the process.
Answer:
The number of individuals displaying each phenotype in both the current generation and the offspring.
Explanation:
